Verified normal adult lab values, vital signs by age, therapeutic drug levels, IV fluids and conversions — all in one place. Works offline.
🩸 CBC & WBC Differential conventional units
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Haemoglobin (Hb)
M 13.5–17.5 · F 12.0–15.5 g/dL
Haematocrit (Hct)
M 41–53% · F 36–46%
RBC count
M 4.5–5.9 · F 4.0–5.2 million/µL
WBC count
4,000–11,000 /µL
Platelets
150,000–400,000 /µL
MCV
80–100 fL
MCH
27–33 pg
MCHC
32–36 g/dL
RDW
11.5–14.5%
Reticulocytes
0.5–1.5%
ESR
M 0–15 · F 0–20 mm/hr
WBC Differential
Neutrophils
50–70%
Lymphocytes
20–40%
Monocytes
2–8%
Eosinophils
1–4%
Basophils
0.5–1%
⚡ Electrolytes serum
Sodium (Na⁺)
135–145 mEq/L
Potassium (K⁺)
3.5–5.0 mEq/L
Chloride (Cl⁻)
98–106 mEq/L
Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻, serum)
22–28 mEq/L
Calcium (total)
8.5–10.5 mg/dL
Calcium (ionised)
4.5–5.6 mg/dL
Magnesium
1.7–2.2 mg/dL
Phosphate
2.5–4.5 mg/dL
🫘 Renal Function
BUN (urea nitrogen)
7–20 mg/dL
Creatinine
M 0.7–1.3 · F 0.6–1.1 mg/dL
eGFR
≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m²
Uric acid
M 3.4–7.0 · F 2.4–6.0 mg/dL
🍬 Glucose & Diabetes
Fasting glucose
70–100 mg/dL
Random glucose
< 140 mg/dL
2-hr OGTT
< 140 mg/dL
HbA1c — normal
< 5.7% (pre-diabetes 5.7–6.4 · diabetes ≥ 6.5)
🧬 Liver & Protein
ALT
7–56 U/L
AST
10–40 U/L
ALP
44–147 U/L
GGT
8–61 U/L
Total bilirubin
0.1–1.2 mg/dL
Direct bilirubin
0.0–0.3 mg/dL
Total protein
6.0–8.3 g/dL
Albumin
3.5–5.0 g/dL
💛 Lipid Profile desirable
Total cholesterol
< 200 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol
< 100 mg/dL (optimal)
HDL cholesterol
M > 40 · F > 50 mg/dL (higher is better)
Triglycerides
< 150 mg/dL
🩸 Coagulation
PT (prothrombin time)
11–13.5 s
INR (not on warfarin)
0.8–1.1
INR (therapeutic, warfarin)
2.0–3.0
aPTT
25–35 s
Fibrinogen
200–400 mg/dL
D-dimer
< 0.5 µg/mL (< 500 ng/mL)
🫀 Cardiac Markers
Assay-specific cut-offs — always confirm against your local laboratory.
Troponin I
< 0.04 ng/mL
CK-MB
< 5% of total CK
BNP
< 100 pg/mL
NT-proBNP
< 125 pg/mL
🦋 Thyroid Function
TSH
0.4–4.0 mIU/L
Free T4
0.8–1.8 ng/dL
Free T3
2.3–4.2 pg/mL
🧲 Iron Studies
Serum iron
M 65–175 · F 50–170 µg/dL
Ferritin
M 12–300 · F 12–150 ng/mL
TIBC
240–450 µg/dL
Transferrin saturation
20–50%
🔥 Inflammatory & Metabolic
CRP
< 1.0 mg/dL
Lactate
0.5–2.2 mmol/L
Ammonia
15–45 µg/dL
Amylase
30–110 U/L
Lipase
0–160 U/L
🌬️ Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
pH
7.35–7.45
PaCO₂
35–45 mmHg
PaO₂
80–100 mmHg
HCO₃⁻ (arterial)
22–26 mEq/L
SaO₂
95–100%
Base excess
−2 to +2 mEq/L
🧪 Urinalysis
pH
4.5–8.0
Specific gravity
1.005–1.030
Protein
Negative (< 150 mg/day)
Glucose / Ketones
Negative
❤️ Normal Vital Signs by Age
Age
Heart rate (bpm)
Resp rate (/min)
Systolic BP (mmHg)
Newborn (0–1 mo)
100–160
30–60
60–90
Infant (1–12 mo)
90–160
30–53
70–100
Toddler (1–3 y)
80–130
22–37
80–110
Preschool (3–5 y)
80–120
20–28
80–110
School-age (6–12 y)
70–110
18–25
80–120
Adolescent (13–18 y)
60–100
12–20
90–120
Adult
60–100
12–20
< 120 / 80
Adult — other vitals
Temperature (oral)
36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F)
SpO₂ (oxygen saturation)
95–100%
Pain scale
0–10 (self-reported)
Adult blood pressure (ACC/AHA)
Normal
< 120 / < 80 mmHg
Elevated
120–129 / < 80 mmHg
Hypertension Stage 1
130–139 / 80–89 mmHg
Hypertension Stage 2
≥ 140 / ≥ 90 mmHg
Children's heart and respiratory rates run faster and fall as they grow. Always interpret vitals with the whole clinical picture.
💊 Therapeutic Drug Levels serum
Target therapeutic ranges. Levels are timing- and assay-dependent — always follow your local lab and pharmacy.
Drug
Therapeutic range
Digoxin
0.5–2.0 ng/mL (toxic > 2.0)
Lithium
0.6–1.2 mEq/L (toxic > 1.5)
Phenytoin
10–20 µg/mL
Valproic acid
50–100 µg/mL
Carbamazepine
4–12 µg/mL
Phenobarbital
15–40 µg/mL
Theophylline
10–20 µg/mL
Vancomycin (trough)
10–20 µg/mL
Gentamicin (peak / trough)
peak 5–10 · trough < 2 µg/mL
Warfarin (monitor by INR)
target INR 2.0–3.0
Acetaminophen (toxic, 4 h)
> 150 µg/mL
Salicylate (therapeutic)
15–30 mg/dL
💧 IV Fluids & Tonicity
Fluid
Tonicity
Key use
0.9% NaCl (Normal Saline)
Isotonic
Resuscitation, replacement
Lactated Ringer's (LR)
Isotonic
Surgery, burns, GI loss
D5W (5% dextrose in water)
Isotonic in bag → hypotonic in body
Free water, dilute drugs
0.45% NaCl (½ NS)
Hypotonic
Cellular hydration, maintenance
0.33% NaCl (⅓ NS)
Hypotonic
Maintenance
3% NaCl (hypertonic saline)
Hypertonic
Severe hyponatraemia (ICU)
D5 ½NS
Hypertonic
Maintenance + calories
D5NS
Hypertonic
Replacement + calories
D10W
Hypertonic
Hypoglycaemia
Isotonic stays in the vessels (expands blood volume) · Hypotonic shifts water into cells · Hypertonic pulls water out of cells. Normal Saline = 154 mEq/L sodium.
🔁 Conversions & Quick Facts
Weight & length
Kilograms → pounds
1 kg = 2.2 lb
Pounds → kilograms
1 lb = 0.454 kg
Inches → centimetres
1 in = 2.54 cm
Temperature
Fahrenheit → Celsius
(°F − 32) × 5/9
Celsius → Fahrenheit
(°C × 9/5) + 32
Metric & dose
Grams / milligrams / micrograms
1 g = 1,000 mg = 1,000,000 µg
Litres → millilitres
1 L = 1,000 mL
Grain (apothecary)
1 gr ≈ 60–65 mg
Household volume
Teaspoon
1 tsp = 5 mL
Tablespoon
1 tbsp = 15 mL
Ounce (fluid)
1 oz = 30 mL
Cup
1 cup = 240 mL
IV drop factors
Macrodrip sets
10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL
Microdrip set
60 gtt/mL
🎓 For education & learning purposes only. Reference ranges vary slightly by lab and source — always follow your institution's reference values and clinical judgment.
